The licensing structure in the electrical trade has three main levels. Apprentice: you’re registered in an apprenticeship program and can perform electrical work under the direct supervision of a licensed journeyman or master. Most states restrict the ratio (e.g., one journeyman can supervise X apprentices). The supervising journeyman or master is legally responsible for your work.
Journeyman (JW): you’ve completed your apprenticeship and passed the journeyman exam. You can now perform electrical work independently. In most states, a JW cannot contract directly with homeowners or businesses - you work for a licensed electrical contractor. The JW license is your foundation credential.
Master Electrician: you have additional experience beyond journeyman (typically 2-4 years as a licensed JW) and have passed the master electrician exam. A master can typically supervise apprentices, sign off on permits as the responsible electrician, and in most states is the required license to hold an electrical contractor license. The master exam is harder and more comprehensive than the JW exam.